Romans 10:19 But I say, Did not Yisrael know? First Moshe says, I will provoke you to jealousy by them that are not a people at all, a Lo-Ami, and by this foolish nation I will anger you.
Footnote 1:
Moses in Deuteronomy 32:21 spoke of a part of Yisrael that would become a foolish Lo-Ami, and that would wind up provoking the rest of the nation to jealousy. Of course that speaks of Efrayim provoking Judah.

Moshe and Sha’ul have said same words and meaning…
Even Hosea and Cephas spoke the same words…
Out of the mouth from two or three witnesses…
See!
Deuteronomy 32:
21 They have moved Me to jealousy with that which is not El; they have provoked Me to anger with their vanities: and I will move them to jealousy with those who are Lo-Ami; I will provoke them to anger with a foolish nation (2).
Footnote:
(2)This reference refers to Yisrael being stunned and angered by a people that resemble non-Yisraelites in culture and lifestyle, claiming to be the “Yisrael of YHWH” in the latter-days. From Scriptures in Hosea 1:9, First Peter 2:10 and Romans 9:25-27, the Lo-Ami foolish, or goy-nation, was and is returning Efrayim-Yisrael.
Romans 9:
25 As He says also in Hoshea, I will call them My People-Ami, who were not My People-Lo-Ami; and will call her Ruchamah, who were Lo-Ruchamah (1).
26 And it shall come to pass, that in the place where it was said to them, Ye are not My People-Lo Ami; there shall they be called children of the living YHWH(2).
Footnote:
(1) Paul makes a direct reference to the non-Jewish believers coming to Moshiach being the very northern exiles spoken about by Hosea in chapter one. Hosea was never sent to gentiles. As such, Paul continues to unravel the mystery of the identity of those responding from “the nations.” Note also the contextual connection between “the nations” being favored in verse 24, and the fact that Hosea spoke of these exact same people in verse 25, thus establishing a direct connection between the latter-day “nations,” and the Efrayimites of Hosea chapter 1 verses 8-9, and chapter 2 verse 23.
(2) From Hosea 1:10, this is still speaking of “the nations,” those who were the former Lo-Ami, not My people, the exact same people who will supernaturally appear in the end times as the “children of the living Eloah.” Again the key connection is the word “them.” “Them” refers to the 10 tribes of the north, and the word “they” (the same people) refers to their end-time restoration as YHWH’s acceptable children from non Jewish-Yisrael.